bird flu outbreak

The outbreak of bird flu was reported at a farm near the epicenter of the coronavirus outbreak in China. Saving Lives, Protecting People Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The global spread of H5N1 influenza in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat. It is often referred to simply as "bird flu" or "avian influenza", even though it is only one of many subtypes. The United States is dealing with a nasty bird flu outbreak. "Responding to the avian influenza pandemic threat: Recommended strategic actions". 29, 2016.

2,3-linked SA receptors in humans are found predominantly in the lower respiratory tract, a fact that is the primary foundation for the deadliness of avian influenzas in humans, and also the key to their lack of airborne transmission. Human infections with bird flu viruses are rare but have occurred in the past, most notably with H5N1*** and H7N9 viruses in Asia. (2005) Economic and social impacts of avian influenza. However, public health officials are concerned that strains of avian flu may mutate to become easily transmissible between humans.Spreading of H5N1 from Asia to Europe is much more likely caused by both legal and illegal poultry trades than dispersing through wild bird migrations, being that in recent studies, there were no secondary rises in infection in Asia when wild birds migrate south again from their breeding grounds. 80 of these 106 persons have visited live poultry markets. In the case of Northern Vietnam, health workers saw poultry as commodities with an environment that was under the control of people. In the short-term, mass culling achieves its goals of limiting the immediate spread of HPAI, it has been found to impede the evolution of host resistance which is important for the long-term success of HPAI control. Poultry production zoning is used to limit poultry farming to specific areas outside of urban environments while live poultry markets improve biosecurity by limiting the number of traders holding licenses and subjecting producers and traders to more stringent inspections. CDC twenty four seven. Control measures for HPAI encourage mass vaccinations of poultry though The World Health Organization has compiled a list of known clinical trials of pandemic influenza prototype vaccines, including those against H5N1.During the initial response to H5N1, a one size fits all recommendation was used for all poultry production systems, though measures for Recommendations involve restructuring commercial markets to improve biosecurity against avian influenza. While other H5N1 influenza strains are known, they are significantly different on a genetic level from a recent, highly pathogenic, emergent strain of H5N1, which was able to achieve hitherto unprecedented global spread in 2008. However, public health officials are concerned that strains of avian flu may mutate to become easily transmissible between humans.Five manmade ecosystems have contributed to modern avian influenza virus ecology: integrated indoor commercial poultry, range-raised commercial poultry, live poultry markets, backyard and hobby flocks, and bird collection and trading systems including In the early days of the HPAI H5N1 pandemic, village poultry and their owners were frequently implicated in disease transmission.H5N1 has killed millions of poultry in a growing number of countries throughout Asia, Europe, and Africa. Less pathogenic viruses are controlled by vaccination, which is done primarily in turkey flocks (HPAI control has also been used for political ends.